Wrench.



Patented Aug. 428,l |902. lIJ.' J. BARNES. WRENCH.

ion tiled 31111.32, 1902.)

arencejazweu Vl nu ATTORNEYS ...0m c D N ruimen @raras Armar OFFICE.

CLARENCE J. BARNES, OF LIVERPOOL, NEV YORK.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 707,895, dated August 26, 1902.

Application tiled January 22, 1902. Serial No. 90,801. (No model.)

T0 if/ZZ wtoni/ it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, CLARENCE J. BARNES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Liverpool, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Vrenches, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in wrenches which are-especially adapted for use on round worksuch as pipes, rods,wires,

and the like-although capable of use on other objects of various sizes and shapes-as, for example, on pipe unions or couplings on pipes of large diameter and other articles.

The object of my invention is the provision of a simple compact implement adapted to afford a double grip on thework, which will hold itself iirmly in engagement with the work and against any tendency to slip thereon, to allow the parts to be easily and quickly released preliminary to taking a fresh hold on the object, to enable the article to firmly engage with round work of dierent sizes, and to allow of the easy removal and replacement of the slidable jaw, to the end that the wrench may be used alone as a single-jaw device on large work or as a double-jaw wrench.

lVith these ends in view the invention consists in the novel combination, construction, and arrangement of parts, which will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar' characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the iigures.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a Iwrench constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of the wrench on an enlarged scale, showin g the slidable jaw detached from the hinged jaw and representing the latter in operative relation to a piece of large angular work, such as a pipe-union. Fig. et is a section on the line fl 4 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the slidable jaw detached from the article. I

5 designates the shank or bar of theimple-` ment, which terminates at one end in the handle 6 and is forked or bifurcated at the other end to provide the parallel arms 7, the same terminating in the rounded or approximately circular .heads S.

A hinged jaw 9 is made in a single vpiece with a solid shank 10, andthis shank is formed at one end with an offstanding lug 11, adapted to fit in the slot or bifurcation in the handlebar, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. A pivotal rivet or a pin or bolt 12 passes through the parallel arms of the handle-bar and the offstanding lug 11 of the jaw 9, thereby hingedly connecting the jaw to the handle-bar, so that said jaw may be adjusted to dierent positions with relation to said handle-bar. The lug 1l is of less thickness than the shank 10 in order to produce shoulders 13, and these shoulders are adapted to impinge on the arms v'7 of the handle-bar when the jaw is swung to a position where it will overhang the terminal heads 8 of said handle-bar, thereby limiting the swinging adjustment of the hinged jaw when moving toward the handle-bar. The inner edge of the jaw 9 is curved in the form of a segment and is provided with a. grippingsurface 14, which is toothed or corrugated throughout its active area. The curved or segmental gripping-face of the jaw lies eccentricto the axis afforded by the fulcrum rivet, pin, or bolt 12, and said segmental grippingsurface is curved away from the straight opposing surface 10a ofthe shank 10, thus leaving a tapering throat or space `between the jaw and the shank.

15 designates a slidable jaw, which is preferably cast in a single piece of metal and is removably fitted to the shank of the hinged jaw 9. On its underside this slidable jaw is formed with a straight front face 1G, by which it is adapted to lit snugly upon the straight edge 10a of the shank 10, forming a part of the hinged jaw, and said slidable jaw is furthermore provided with the depending guideplates 17, the same being arranged parallel with each other and provided at their lower inner edges with the inwardly extending iianges 18. (See Fig. 2. The guide-plates 17 looselyembrace the sides of the shank 10, while the flanges 18 fit againstthe under face of the shanklO, so as to prevent displacement of the slidable jaw Ain an edgewise direction on the shank of the hinged jaW. These guideplates and their lianges serve to loosely connect the jaw 15 to the shank 10 of the jaw 9,

IOO

thus permitting the jaw 15 a limited slidable movement on the shank 10. The jaw 15 is furthermore provided with the curved recesses 19 in its opposite side faces, and these recesses are rounded., so as to snugly receive the heads 8 on the arms 7 of the handle-bar, whereby the jaw 15 has a loose or pivotal connection with the terminal portion of the handle-bar at points beyond the hinged connection of the swinging jaw to said handle-bar.

The slidable jaw 15 is tapered from one end toward the other, and thus said jaw has a narrow or contracted inner end portion 20, the same being arranged to extend well into the space or crotch which is formed by the juncture of the straight edge 102L of the shank andthe concaved gripping-spacey 14 of the jaw 9. This extremity 2O of the slidable jaw has a convex active surface of limited area adapted to oppose the active surface 14 of the jaw 9. The slidable jaw 15 is furthermore provided with a series of transverse grooves 21, the same being formed successively on the surface of the jaw 15, which diverges relative to the surface 14 of the jaw 9. These series of grooves 21 are segments of different radii in order to form seats of varying area for the accommodation of pipes or other cylindrical objects of different sizes. Each groove or seat 2l has an active surface formed by a plurality of teeth or corrugations, and al1 these toothed seats are disposed in opposing relation to the active face 14 of the jaw 9.

22 designates a spring, which is secured by a screw 23 to the shank or bar 5, and the free 4end of this spring is arranged to bear against the under edge of the shank 10, said end of the spring lying between the flanges 18 on the guide-plates of the slidable jaw.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that the slidable jaw 15 has a loose or pivotal connection with the handlebar by reason of the terminal heads 8 fitting loosely in the recesses 19 of said slidable jaw, and this jaw is slidably confined on the shank of the hinged jaw, so that its reduced end 2O l will extend into the space between the shank and the jaw 9, The energy of the spring 22 is applied to the shank in a direction to force the hinged jaw upwardly until the reduced end 2O of the slidable jaw iits into the angle or crotch between the shank and the jaw 9, thereby bringing the active surface of the end 2O into contact with the similar surface 14 at one end of the jaw 9. If the wrench is to be used on articles of small diameter, the operator should depress the jaw 9 against the energy of the spring 22, and thus open the space between the jaws 9 and 15, thus allowing the object to occupy the smallest seat 2l of the slidable jaw, after which the pressure on the hinged jaw should be removed and the spring pressed against the jaw 9, so as to close the two jaws upon the work. The wrench is thus capable of exerting a double grip upon the work, because the active face 'of the jaw 9 and one of the active faces of the jaw 15 are both engaged with the work practically on opposite sides thereof. This is advantageous, because the wrench has an increased frictional engagement with the work,which prevents it from slipping or moving accidentally thereon; but when the jaws are to be released with a View to taking a fresh hold on the work it is only necessary for the operator to press down upon the jaw 9 in a direction to relax the tension of the spring 22. Of course the jaw 9 may be adjusted so that objects of increased size may be engaged with either of the larger seats 2l in the slidable jaw; but under each adjustment of the wrench it will be found that the two jaws coperate to secure the desired tight engagement with the work.

In order to remove the slidable jaw 15 from the wrench, the spring 22 is adjusted from engagement with the shank 10 and is turned on the screw 23 to the position shown by full lines in Fig. 3, said spring entering into the notched iiange 24 of a keeper-plate 25, thatis attached to the handle-bar by the screw 23. The hinged jaw 9 is turned downwardly toward the handle -bar, and this movement causes the recessed part 19 of the slidable jaw to be withdrawn from engagement .with the heads 8 on the arms 7 of said handle-bar. The slidable jaw may now be slipped off the shank 10 by moving it in an upward direction, so that the plates 17 and the iianges 18 will be drawn across the narrow lug 11 of the shank. The removal of the slidable jaw makes the hinged jaw assume the position shown by Fig. 3, wherein the edge 10 of the shank is adapted to form one surface for the engagement with the work, while the active face 14 is also adapted to engage with the works, as clearly shown in said Fig. 3. rlhe pivoted jaw may be used on articles of large size and of different cross-sectional shape, such as the pipe-coupling shown herein, or it may be employed on pipes of large diameter. It is evident, however, that the slidable jaw may easily be slipped on the shank 10 and the reoessed portions 19 of said slidable jaw may be loosely engaged with the heads 8, thus restoring the hinged jaw to the operative position shown by Fig. 1.

Although I have described the movable jaw 15 as cast in one piece and as having the plates or guides 17, it is evident that the plates or guides may be made in separate pieces from the jaw and that they may be attached by screws or rivets.

One of the peculiarities of my wrench is that the parts cooperate to secure afirm grip on the work when the article is in use. In fact, the more pressure applied to the wrench the greater will be its engagement with the work.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A wrench, comprising a handle-bar, a jaw pivoted thereto, and a slidable jaw operatively related to said handle-bar and to the IOO IIO

pivoted jaw, said jaws having their opposing active surfaces disposed in converging relation, and the two jaws adapted to be drawn toward each other by the operation of the handie-bar.

2. A wrench, comprising a handle-bar, a swinging jaw pivoted thereto, and a second jaw fitted slidably to a part of the first jaw and havingoperative connection with the handie-bar, the two jaws having a closing movement relative one to the other on the operation of the handle-bar to turn the work.

3. A wrench, comprising a handle-bar, a swinging jaw provided with a shank which is pivoted to said handle-bar, and a second jaw slidably fitted on the shank of' the first-named jaw, and having loose connection with said handle-bar for actuation thereby.

4. A wrench, comprising a handle-bar, a hinged jaw provided with a shank which is pivoted to said handle-bar, and a movablejaw slidably fitted to the shank of the hinged jaw and having pivotal connection with said handle-bar, said jaws having converging active faces.

5. A wrench comprising a handle-bar, a hinged jaw provided with a straight shank which has pivotal attachment to the handlebar, and a movable jaw slidably fitted to the shank of the hinged jaw, and having a pivotai connection with the handle-bar at a point to one side of the hinged connection ot' the first jaw with said handle-bar said jaws having converging act-ive faces.

b'. A wrench comprising a handle-bar, a hinged jaw, and another jaw disposed in opposing relation to the hinged jaw and fitted removably and slidably thereto saidjaws having converging active faces.

7. A wrench comprising a handle-bar, a

hinged j aw,a movable jaw connected with said handle-bar and disposed in cooperative relation to the first-named jaw, and a spring acting against one of said jaws to normally close them together.

S. A wrench comprising a handle-barLa jaw provided with a shank which is pivoted to the handle-bar, said jaw having a curved active face which lies eccentrically to the pivot, a movable jaw connected with said handle-bar and having an active face in opposing relation to said eccentric active face of the hinged jaw, and a spring acting against one of said jaws.

9. A wrench comprising a handle-bar, a hinged jaw having an active face, and a movable jaw connected with said handle-bar and having a convex face disposed in continuous opposing relation to the active face of the hinged jaw7 said convex face of the movable jaw being provided with a plurality of seats of different sizes.

10. A wrench comprising a handle-bar having rounded heads, a hinged jaw, and a movable jaw provided with recesses arranged to receive said rounded heads of the handle-bar.

l1. A wrench comprising a handle-bar, a hinged jaw having its shank formed with an offstanding lug which is pivoted to the handle-bar, and a slidable jaw provided with flanged guide-plates having slidable and detachable engagement with the shank of the hinged jaw.

1n testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CLARENCE .LBARNES Vitnesses:

PETER J. B. SMITH, HENRY WYKLE. 

